The Rock Cycle
Today we will learn about Igneous rock, Sedimentary rock and Metamorphic. Which is called the ROCK CYCLE!
The ROCK CYCLE is the process of Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rock.
Igneous rock are made of mineral crystals. An igneous rocks characteristics are Origin, Texture, and Mineral Composition. An igneous rocks origin is how they are formed. Igneous rock are classified by where they are formed. Extrusive rock is an igneous rock that was formed from lava that erupted on to earths surface. Basalt is a common extrusive rock. Intrusive rock is an igneous rock that is formed when magma hardens under earths surface. Granite is the most common intrusive rock. . . The texture of an igneous rock is depends on the size and shape of its mineral crystals. The texture of an igneous rock may be fine-grained, glassy or porphyritic. Rapid cooling lava forms fine- grained igneous rocks with large crystals. Slow cooling magma forms coarse-grained rock with large crystals.
Mineral composition is how the rock is colored. Lava that is in low silica forms dark-colored rocks, such as basalt. Magma that is in high silica forms light-colored rocks, such as granite.
Mineral composition is how the rock is colored. Lava that is in low silica forms dark-colored rocks, such as basalt. Magma that is in high silica forms light-colored rocks, such as granite.
Sediment rock forms from particles deposited by water and wind. If you have ever have walked along the beach you probably noticed pebbles sand grains, and mud. These are some sediments that form Sedimentary rock. Sediments are small, solid pieces of material that come from living things or rocks. Water, wind, and ice carry sediment and deposit in layers. Now we will tell you how these sediments turn into solid rock.
First, erosion happens, which is when destructive forces are constantly breaking up and wearing away all the rocks on Earth's surface. These forces include hotness and coolness, rain, wind, and ice. Then erosion kicks in, which when running water and wind carry away fragments of rock.
Second, deposition happens. Thats when moving water or wind slows and deposits sediments. Water that is carrying the sediment, rock fragments and other materials sink to the bottom of the ocean or a river. The process of deposition by which sediment settles out of water or wind carry it.
Third compaction. First the sediments fit together loosely. But over millions of years, thick layers of sediment build up. Then that's when compaction comes in. Compaction is the process that presses sediments together. Over years and years sediments fall on top creating more layers. Weight of layers further compacts the sediments, squeezing them tightly together. Layers often say visible.
Finally, cementation. While compaction is taking place, the minerals in the rock slowly dissolve in the water. Cementation is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together. It takes millions of years for compaction and Cementation to transform loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock.
Most Sedimentary rocks are made up of broken pieces of other rocks. A Clastic rock is a sedimentary rock that forms in rock fragments that squeezed together.
Organic rock forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers.
A Chemical rock forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize. Chemical rock can also form from mineral deposits left when seas or lakes evaporate.
First, erosion happens, which is when destructive forces are constantly breaking up and wearing away all the rocks on Earth's surface. These forces include hotness and coolness, rain, wind, and ice. Then erosion kicks in, which when running water and wind carry away fragments of rock.
Second, deposition happens. Thats when moving water or wind slows and deposits sediments. Water that is carrying the sediment, rock fragments and other materials sink to the bottom of the ocean or a river. The process of deposition by which sediment settles out of water or wind carry it.
Third compaction. First the sediments fit together loosely. But over millions of years, thick layers of sediment build up. Then that's when compaction comes in. Compaction is the process that presses sediments together. Over years and years sediments fall on top creating more layers. Weight of layers further compacts the sediments, squeezing them tightly together. Layers often say visible.
Finally, cementation. While compaction is taking place, the minerals in the rock slowly dissolve in the water. Cementation is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together. It takes millions of years for compaction and Cementation to transform loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock.
Most Sedimentary rocks are made up of broken pieces of other rocks. A Clastic rock is a sedimentary rock that forms in rock fragments that squeezed together.
Organic rock forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers.
A Chemical rock forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize. Chemical rock can also form from mineral deposits left when seas or lakes evaporate.
Metamorphic rock forms when heat and pressure deep beneath Earth's surface can change into metamorphic rock. When rock changes into metamorphic rock, its appearance, texture, crystal structure, and mineral content change. Collisions between Earth's plates can push rock down to the heat of the mantle. Magma rising through the crust also provide heat that can produce an metamorphic rock.
Geologists classify metamorphic rock by the arrangement's of the grains.
Metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged on parallel layers or bands are said to be foliated. One common foliated rock is slate. Heat and pressure change the sedimentary rock into slate. Sometimes metamorphic rocks are non-foliaed. Metamorphic rocks that are non-foliated do not split into layers.
Geologists classify metamorphic rock by the arrangement's of the grains.
Metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged on parallel layers or bands are said to be foliated. One common foliated rock is slate. Heat and pressure change the sedimentary rock into slate. Sometimes metamorphic rocks are non-foliaed. Metamorphic rocks that are non-foliated do not split into layers.
THE PICTURE BELOW SHOWS US THE ROCK CYCLE THROUGH ITS FORMATION : .